What are the Normal Lab Values

Blood tests are important to check a person’s health. Different types of laboratory tests are conducted to check the overall health status.

Lab assistants would test a person’s blood, urine, or body fluids such as gastric acid, other body tissues, stool, etc.

The final lab test report will represent if a person is within the average lab values. Everything you need to know about the Normal Lab Values is given in this article.

What Do You Mean by Normal Lab Values?

Normal Lab Values – What Do You Mean by Normal Lab Values

The Food and Drug Administration sets the Normal Lab Values for each test in upper and lower limits. Since the normal lab values may vary, the normal lab values in lab reports come in the range between upper and lower limits. Lab Values depend upon the tests prescribed by the physician.

How Do Lab Tests Prescribe?

Lab Tests are prescribed by physicians to patients as per the symptoms they have recently developed.

The physician may prescribe more than one lab test to confirm the diseases. The lab tests may be taken periodically to check the progress of the disease as per the physician’s guidance.

Firstly, a doctor collects information about the patient’s symptoms. After that, he would collect the blood sample or any other fluid from the patient’s body and send it to the laboratory for testing.

Lab assistants would also come to collect the blood sample right in the clinic so you need not go anywhere. In some cases, you may be asked to visit the lab and get tested personally.

The lab assistant only tests your blood samples upon receiving the doctor’s prescription. There are some rules and regulations which every lab assistant must follow in order to maintain the laws.

Each lab collects the information about the patients and saves their previous and current sample reports in their database. If needed, they can compare the previous lab reports and current lab reports to see the changes and progress.

What Factors Affect the Normal Lab Values?

The lab results may vary from person to person; however, the Normal Lab Values are the same. A persona’s sex, age, general health, medical history, and current diseases are the factors that can affect the normal lab values of the patient.

Besides this, what you eat, how your body reacts, and what laboratory you choose, may also affect the final lab reports.

Always choose the trusted laboratory when it comes to conducting blood tests or any other lab tests. Trusted laboratories will give you accurate results which can help doctors diagnose the diseases.

The regulating body for Normal Lab Values is FDA i.e. Food and Drug Administration. They provide test kits and other equipment manufactured commercially in the country.

They also check the standards and other regulations before they approve the manufacturers of particular equipment or test kits.

Hematology – Red Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells- The normal range of the red blood cell count of a person is listed below in the table.

Laboratory Test	Sex	Normal Lab Values
RBC	Male	4.2 – 5.6 10^6 / µL
RBC	Female	3.8 – 5.1 10^6 / µL
RBC	Child	3.5 – 5.0 10^6 / µL

Hematology – White Blood Cells

White Blood Cells- The normal range of the White Blood Cell count of a person are listed below in the table.

Laboratory Test	Sex	Normal Lab Values
WBC	Male	3.8 – 11.0 10^3 / mm3
WBC	Female	3.8 – 11.0 10^3 / mm3
WBC	Child	10.0 10^3 / mm3

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin reports are prescribed to confirm the effects of the diseases on red blood cells or hemoglobin counts of the person.

Laboratory Test	Sex	Normal Lab Values
Hgb	Male	14 – 18 g/dL
Hgb	Female	11 – 16 g/dL
Hgb	Child	10 – 14 g/dL
Hgb	Newborn	15 – 25 g/dL

General Chemistry

General Chemistry lab reports are prescribed to check the overall functionality of the body’s components.

Laboratory Test	Normal Lab Values
acetone	0.3 – 2.0 mg%
albumin	3.5 – 5.0 gm/dL
alkaline phosphatase	32 – 110 U/L
anion gap	5 – 16 mEq/L
ammonia	11 – 35 µmol/L
amylase	50 – 150 U/dL
AST,SGOT- Male	7 – 21 U/L
AST,SGOT- Female	6 – 18 U/L
bilirubin	0.0 – 0.4 mg/dL
bilirubin	total 0.2 – 1.4 mg/dL
BUN	6 – 23 mg/dL
calcium	8 – 11 mg/dL
carbon dioxide	21 – 34 mEq/L
chloride	96 – 112 mEq/L
Creatine- Male	0.2 – 0.6 mg/dL
Creatine- Female	0.6 – 1.0 mg/dL
creatinine	0.6 – 1.5 mg/dL
folic acid	2.0 – 21 ng/mL
glucose	65 – 99 mg/dL
HDL- Male	25 – 65 mg/dL
HDL- Female	38 – 94 mg/dL
iron	52 – 169 µg/dL
lactic acid	0.4 – 2.3 mEq/L
lactate	0.3 – 2.3 mEq/L
lipase	10 – 140 U/L
magnesium	1.5 – 2.5 mg/dL
osmolarity	276 – 295 mOsm/kg
potassium	3.5 – 5.5 mEq/L
phosphorus	2.2 – 4.8 mg/dL
parathyroid hormone	12 – 68 pg/mL
sodium	135 – 148 mEq/L
SGPT	8 – 32 U/L
TSH	< 9 µU/mL
total protein	5 – 9 gm/dL
thyroxine	5 – 13 µg/dL
thyroglobulin	< 55 ng/mL
uric acid- Female	2.5 – 6.6 mg/dL
uric acid- Male	3.5 – 7.7 mg/dL
Cholesterol – LDL	< 130 mg/dL desirable
Cholesterol- HDL	30 – 75 mg/dL
Cholesterol- Total	< 200 mg/dL desirable
Triglycerides- Female	> 35 – 135 mg/dL
Triglycerides- Male	> 40 – 170 mg/dL

Coagulation Tests

Coagulation tests are prescribed to check the role of proteins for the formation of blood clots. Different types of coagulation tests are prescribed in the below-given table.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
APTT	21 – 35 seconds
ACT	90 – 130 seconds
PT	10- 14 seconds
PTT	32- 45 seconds
platelets	140,000 – 450,000 /ml
plasminogen	62 – 130%
fibrinogen	160 – 450 mg/dL
FSP	< 10 µg/dL
thrombin	11- 15 secons
bleeding time	3-7 minutes

Urine Tests

Urine tests are prescribed to diagnose kidney disorders and metabolic-related problems. Different types of urine tests are listed in the given table.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
pH	4.6- 8.0
Color	straw
specific gravity	1.003 – 1.040
C1	< 8 mEq/L
K	< 8 mEq/L
Na	10 – 40 mEq/L
protein	1 – 15 mg/dL
osmolality	80 – 1300 mOsm/L
amylase	250 – 1100 IU / 24 hr
creatinine	1 – 2 g / 24 hr
chloride	110 – 250 mEq / 24 hr
calcium	100 – 250 mg / 24 hr
creatine clearance- Female	80 – 130 mL / min
creatine clearance- Female	10 – 20 mg / kg / 24 hr
creatine clearance- Male	100 – 140 mL / min
creatine clearance- Male	16 – 26 mg / kg / 24 hr
osmolality	450 – 900 mOsm / kg
magnesium	6 – 9 mEq / 24 hr
protein	0 – 150 mg / 24 hr
potassium	35 – 85 mEq / 24 hr
phosphorus	0.9 – 1.3 g / 24 hr
uric acid	240 – 755 mg / 24 hr
urea nitrogen	10 – 22 gm / 24 hr
sodium	30 – 280 mEq / 24 hr

Neurological Values

Neurological Tests are prescribed to confirm any type of neurological disorder. The types of tests to check neurological disorders are listed below.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
cerebral perfusion pressure	70 – 90 mm Hg
intracranial pressure	5 – 15 mm Hg or 5 – 10 cm H2O

Neurological values and their tests require venous values or arterial values. The different types of values of venous and arterial tests are listed below.

Venous Values

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
pH	7.31 – 7.41
PaCO2	41 – 51 mm Hg
PaO2	30 – 40 mm Hg
BE	0 to +4 mmol/L
O2	Saturation 60 – 85%
HCO3	22 – 29 mEq/L

Arterial Values

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
pH	7.35 – 7.45
O2	saturation 96 – 100%
PaO2	85 – 100 mm Hg
BE	-2 to +2 mmol/L
HCO3	22 – 26 mEq/L
PaCO2	35 – 45 mm Hg

Hemodynamic Parameters

Physicians measure hemodynamic parameters frequently to check the blood flow and blood circulation in human bodies. The types of hemodynamic parameters and tests are listed below in the table.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
cardiac output	4 – 8 LPM
cardiac index	2.5 – 4.2 L / min / m2
right ventricular stroke work index	7 – 12 g / m2 / beat
left ventricular stroke work index	40 – 70 g / m2 / beat
mean arterial pressure	70 – 105 mm Hg
pulmonary vascular resistance index	255 – 285 dynes / sec / cm to the negative 5
pulmonary vascular resistance	155 – 255 dynes / sec / cm to the negative 5
systolic arterial pressure	90 – 140 mm Hg
systemic vascular resistance index	1970 – 2390 dynes/sec / cm to the negative 5
systemic vascular resistance	900 – 1600 dynes/sec / cm to the negative 5
stroke volume index	40 – 85 mL / m2 / beat
stroke volume	60 – 100 mL/beat
ejection fraction	60 – 75%
central venous pressure	2 – 6 mm Hg; 2.5 – 12 cm H2O
diastolic arterial pressure	60 – 90 mm Hg
central venous pressure	2 – 6 mm Hg; 2.5 – 12 cm H2O
ejection fraction	60 – 75%
right atrial pressure	4 – 6 mm Hg
left arterial pressure	4 – 12 mm Hg
pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure	8 – 10 mm Hg
pulmonary artery wedge pressure	4 – 12 mm Hg
pulmonary artery pressure	10 – 20 mm Hg
pulmonary artery diastolic	5 – 15 mm Hg
pulmonary artery systolic	15 – 30 mm Hg
right ventricular end-diastolic pressure	0 – 8 mm Hg

Blood Sugar Tests

Blood Sugar Tests are prescribed to check the sugar values in the blood. The types of blood sugar tests and their values are listed below.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
Fasting Blood Sugar	< 10 mg/dL
Post-prandial Blood Sugar	< 180 mg/dL
Random Blood Sugar	< 200 mg/ dL

Thyroid Function Tests

The thyroid is a gland located in the neck area which is responsible for several functions in the human body. Different types of Thyroid Function Tests are prescribed to confirm the type of thyroid disorder that causes different types of problems in the body.

Laboratory Tests	Normal Lab Values
T3	80- 180 ng/ dL
T4	4.6- 12 ng/ dL
TSH	0.5- 6 uU/ mL
T3RU	23% – 37%

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