What are the Normal Lab Values

Normal Lab Values Normal Lab Values

Blood tests are important to check a person’s health. Different types of laboratory tests are conducted to check the overall health status.

Lab assistants would test a person’s blood, urine, or body fluids such as gastric acid, other body tissues, stool, etc.

The final lab test report will represent if a person is within the average lab values. Everything you need to know about the Normal Lab Values is given in this article.

What Do You Mean by Normal Lab Values?

Normal Lab Values

Normal Lab Values – What Do You Mean by Normal Lab Values

The Food and Drug Administration sets the Normal Lab Values for each test in upper and lower limits. Since the normal lab values may vary, the normal lab values in lab reports come in the range between upper and lower limits. Lab Values depend upon the tests prescribed by the physician.

How Do Lab Tests Prescribe?

Lab Tests are prescribed by physicians to patients as per the symptoms they have recently developed.

The physician may prescribe more than one lab test to confirm the diseases. The lab tests may be taken periodically to check the progress of the disease as per the physician’s guidance.

Firstly, a doctor collects information about the patient’s symptoms. After that, he would collect the blood sample or any other fluid from the patient’s body and send it to the laboratory for testing.

Lab assistants would also come to collect the blood sample right in the clinic so you need not go anywhere. In some cases, you may be asked to visit the lab and get tested personally.

The lab assistant only tests your blood samples upon receiving the doctor’s prescription. There are some rules and regulations which every lab assistant must follow in order to maintain the laws.

Each lab collects the information about the patients and saves their previous and current sample reports in their database. If needed, they can compare the previous lab reports and current lab reports to see the changes and progress.

What Factors Affect the Normal Lab Values?

The lab results may vary from person to person; however, the Normal Lab Values are the same. A persona’s sex, age, general health, medical history, and current diseases are the factors that can affect the normal lab values of the patient.

Besides this, what you eat, how your body reacts, and what laboratory you choose, may also affect the final lab reports.

Always choose the trusted laboratory when it comes to conducting blood tests or any other lab tests. Trusted laboratories will give you accurate results which can help doctors diagnose the diseases.

The regulating body for Normal Lab Values is FDA i.e. Food and Drug Administration. They provide test kits and other equipment manufactured commercially in the country.

They also check the standards and other regulations before they approve the manufacturers of particular equipment or test kits.

Hematology – Red Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells- The normal range of the red blood cell count of a person is listed below in the table.

Laboratory Test Sex Normal Lab Values
RBC Male 4.2 – 5.6 10^6 / µL
RBC Female 3.8 – 5.1 10^6 / µL
RBC Child 3.5 – 5.0 10^6 / µL

Hematology – White Blood Cells

White Blood Cells- The normal range of the White Blood Cell count of a person are listed below in the table.

Laboratory Test Sex Normal Lab Values
WBC Male 3.8 – 11.0 10^3 / mm3
WBC Female 3.8 – 11.0 10^3 / mm3
WBC Child 10.0 10^3 / mm3

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin reports are prescribed to confirm the effects of the diseases on red blood cells or hemoglobin counts of the person.

Laboratory Test Sex Normal Lab Values
Hgb Male 14 – 18 g/dL
Hgb Female 11 – 16 g/dL
Hgb Child 10 – 14 g/dL
Hgb Newborn 15 – 25 g/dL

General Chemistry

General Chemistry lab reports are prescribed to check the overall functionality of the body’s components.

Laboratory Test Normal Lab Values
acetone 0.3 – 2.0 mg%
albumin 3.5 – 5.0 gm/dL
alkaline phosphatase 32 – 110 U/L
anion gap 5 – 16 mEq/L
ammonia 11 – 35 µmol/L
amylase 50 – 150 U/dL
AST,SGOT- Male 7 – 21 U/L
AST,SGOT- Female 6 – 18 U/L
bilirubin 0.0 – 0.4 mg/dL
bilirubin total 0.2 – 1.4 mg/dL
BUN 6 – 23 mg/dL
calcium 8 – 11 mg/dL
carbon dioxide 21 – 34 mEq/L
chloride 96 – 112 mEq/L
Creatine- Male 0.2 – 0.6 mg/dL
Creatine- Female 0.6 – 1.0 mg/dL
creatinine 0.6 – 1.5 mg/dL
folic acid 2.0 – 21 ng/mL
glucose 65 – 99 mg/dL
HDL- Male 25 – 65 mg/dL
HDL- Female 38 – 94 mg/dL
iron 52 – 169 µg/dL
lactic acid 0.4 – 2.3 mEq/L
lactate 0.3 – 2.3 mEq/L
lipase 10 – 140 U/L
magnesium 1.5 – 2.5 mg/dL
osmolarity 276 – 295 mOsm/kg
potassium 3.5 – 5.5 mEq/L
phosphorus 2.2 – 4.8 mg/dL
parathyroid hormone 12 – 68 pg/mL
sodium 135 – 148 mEq/L
SGPT 8 – 32 U/L
TSH < 9 µU/mL
total protein 5 – 9 gm/dL
thyroxine 5 – 13 µg/dL
thyroglobulin < 55 ng/mL
uric acid- Female 2.5 – 6.6 mg/dL
uric acid- Male 3.5 – 7.7 mg/dL
Cholesterol – LDL < 130 mg/dL desirable
Cholesterol- HDL 30 – 75 mg/dL
Cholesterol- Total < 200 mg/dL desirable
Triglycerides- Female > 35 – 135 mg/dL
Triglycerides- Male > 40 – 170 mg/dL

Coagulation Tests

Coagulation tests are prescribed to check the role of proteins for the formation of blood clots. Different types of coagulation tests are prescribed in the below-given table.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
APTT 21 – 35 seconds
ACT 90 – 130 seconds
PT 10- 14 seconds
PTT 32- 45 seconds
platelets 140,000 – 450,000 /ml
plasminogen 62 – 130%
fibrinogen 160 – 450 mg/dL
FSP < 10 µg/dL
thrombin 11- 15 secons
bleeding time 3-7 minutes

Urine Tests

Urine tests are prescribed to diagnose kidney disorders and metabolic-related problems. Different types of urine tests are listed in the given table.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
pH 4.6- 8.0
Color straw
specific gravity 1.003 – 1.040
C1 < 8 mEq/L
K < 8 mEq/L
Na 10 – 40 mEq/L
protein 1 – 15 mg/dL
osmolality 80 – 1300 mOsm/L
amylase 250 – 1100 IU / 24 hr
creatinine 1 – 2 g / 24 hr
chloride 110 – 250 mEq / 24 hr
calcium 100 – 250 mg / 24 hr
creatine clearance- Female 80 – 130 mL / min
creatine clearance- Female 10 – 20 mg / kg / 24 hr
creatine clearance- Male 100 – 140 mL / min
creatine clearance- Male 16 – 26 mg / kg / 24 hr
osmolality 450 – 900 mOsm / kg
magnesium 6 – 9 mEq / 24 hr
protein 0 – 150 mg / 24 hr
potassium 35 – 85 mEq / 24 hr
phosphorus 0.9 – 1.3 g / 24 hr
uric acid 240 – 755 mg / 24 hr
urea nitrogen 10 – 22 gm / 24 hr
sodium 30 – 280 mEq / 24 hr

Neurological Values

Neurological Tests are prescribed to confirm any type of neurological disorder. The types of tests to check neurological disorders are listed below.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
cerebral perfusion pressure 70 – 90 mm Hg
intracranial pressure 5 – 15 mm Hg or 5 – 10 cm H2O

Neurological values and their tests require venous values or arterial values. The different types of values of venous and arterial tests are listed below.

Venous Values

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
pH 7.31 – 7.41
PaCO2 41 – 51 mm Hg
PaO2 30 – 40 mm Hg
BE 0 to +4 mmol/L
O2 Saturation 60 – 85%
HCO3 22 – 29 mEq/L

Arterial Values

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
pH 7.35 – 7.45
O2 saturation 96 – 100%
PaO2 85 – 100 mm Hg
BE -2 to +2 mmol/L
HCO3 22 – 26 mEq/L
PaCO2 35 – 45 mm Hg

Hemodynamic Parameters

Physicians measure hemodynamic parameters frequently to check the blood flow and blood circulation in human bodies. The types of hemodynamic parameters and tests are listed below in the table.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
cardiac output 4 – 8 LPM
cardiac index 2.5 – 4.2 L / min / m2
right ventricular stroke work index 7 – 12 g / m2 / beat
left ventricular stroke work index 40 – 70 g / m2 / beat
mean arterial pressure 70 – 105 mm Hg
pulmonary vascular resistance index 255 – 285 dynes / sec / cm to the negative 5
pulmonary vascular resistance 155 – 255 dynes / sec / cm to the negative 5
systolic arterial pressure 90 – 140 mm Hg
systemic vascular resistance index 1970 – 2390 dynes/sec / cm to the negative 5
systemic vascular resistance 900 – 1600 dynes/sec / cm to the negative 5
stroke volume index 40 – 85 mL / m2 / beat
stroke volume 60 – 100 mL/beat
ejection fraction 60 – 75%
central venous pressure 2 – 6 mm Hg; 2.5 – 12 cm H2O
diastolic arterial pressure 60 – 90 mm Hg
central venous pressure 2 – 6 mm Hg; 2.5 – 12 cm H2O
ejection fraction 60 – 75%
right atrial pressure 4 – 6 mm Hg
left arterial pressure 4 – 12 mm Hg
pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure 8 – 10 mm Hg
pulmonary artery wedge pressure 4 – 12 mm Hg
pulmonary artery pressure 10 – 20 mm Hg
pulmonary artery diastolic 5 – 15 mm Hg
pulmonary artery systolic 15 – 30 mm Hg
right ventricular end-diastolic pressure 0 – 8 mm Hg

Blood Sugar Tests

Blood Sugar Tests are prescribed to check the sugar values in the blood. The types of blood sugar tests and their values are listed below.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
Fasting Blood Sugar < 10 mg/dL
Post-prandial Blood Sugar < 180 mg/dL
Random Blood Sugar < 200 mg/ dL

Thyroid Function Tests

The thyroid is a gland located in the neck area which is responsible for several functions in the human body. Different types of Thyroid Function Tests are prescribed to confirm the type of thyroid disorder that causes different types of problems in the body.

Laboratory Tests Normal Lab Values
T3 80- 180 ng/ dL
T4 4.6- 12 ng/ dL
TSH 0.5- 6 uU/ mL
T3RU 23% – 37%

See Also

Medical Laboratory Technician Scholarships

Cross Cultural Communication Training for Physicians

Best Medical Terminology Books

Reference links: 
https://www.joyce.edu/blog/nclex-lab-values/

https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/95071

https://www.meditec.com/resourcestools/medical-reference-links/normal-lab-values

<https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-in/professional/resources/normal-laboratory-values/normal-laboratory-values

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